A new insight updates in diagnosis and management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, and proteomic profile

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a severely invasive hematological cancer that results from the rapid increase and accumulation of lymphoid blasts in blood, bone marrow (BM), other organs. The pervasiveness ALL has made it prevalent childhood acute making up approximately 80% children about 20% adults. Due to prevalence ALL, more accurate diagnosis prognostic methods are required. Proteome analysis uses variety analytical techniques, including protein sequencing, structural or expression proteomics, modification, sub-cellular localization, protein-protein interactions, biological functional proteomics. Analysis cell-signaling pathways activation/deactivation crucial follow development, remission, relapse ALL. As result, this review emphasizes cytogenetics immunophenotyping while also highlighting proteomic profile, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, management Also, evaluates procedures techniques for testing bodily fluids (peripheral cerebrospinal fluid, BM) patients at various stages disease, as well use platforms discovering sensitive specific biomarkers